What is an ARM? ARM stands for Adjustable Rate Mortgage. The most common types are the 2/28 and the 3/27. The rate is fixed for the first 2 or 3 years and then begins to adjust when the fixed period ends.
Advantages of the ARM include lower initial monthly payments and the possibility that payments will go down if the rates go down.
I specialize in no-money down loans for clients with less than perfect credit. The rates on these loans are higher than those for clients with money for a down payment and excellent credit. That is because they pose a bigger risk for the lender.
Rates on ARMs are generally lower than rates on fixed mortgages. So, often, consumers take advantage of the more attractive rates and finance their homes with ARMs.
This can often be a very wise decision. After you've been making a monthly mortgage payment on time for 2-3 years, your credit score will improve, provided no other negative items have surfaced. You can then refinance into a fixed rate before your current rate begins to adjust.
One of the ways I generate business for myself is by contacting homeowners with ARMs that are about to adjust. Most of the time I am able to refinance their ARMs with a lower, fixed-rate mortgage. This ensures that their monthly payments do not increase.
But sometimes, I am not able to help. If the homeowners haven't been making their mortgage payments as agreed or have had other negative items show up on their credit reports, usually their credit scores go down and they may not qualify for a new mortgage loan. This is unfortunate. Obviously, these borrowers are having a hard enough time making their monthly payments. Now, their payments are going to increase, sometimes significantly, and it may be impossible for them to come up with the additional money.
Or the homeowners may have bought their homes with no money down. Even though they have been making their payments as agreed, not very much of those payments are chipping away at the principal balance of the loan, due to high interest rates. In two years, the borrowers may still owe close to 100% of the original loan amount or the home's value. In some cases, they may even owe more than their homes are worth. Again, making it impossible to refinance without paying closing costs out of pocket.
Is an ARM right for you? An ARM is right for you if you only plan to stay in the house a short time. For example, you plan to stay in the house 2 years. A 2/28 or 3/27 would suit your needs. You would be selling your home before your rate began to adjust. An ARM may also be right for you if you have complete confidence that you have learned from past mistakes and are committed to raising and maintaining your credit score, by paying ALL of your bills on time, no matter what.
When is a fixed rate better?A fixed rate is a better choice if you plan to stay in your home long-term or are unsure how long you'll be staying. Or if you have bought your home with little or no money down and you are uncertain that your property value will go up in the next few years.
How important is rate? Generally, the higher your loan amount the more important it is to be rate conscious. For example, the payments on a $300,000 loan at 8% are $2201.29 a month. At 8.25%, they are $2253.08. A difference of $51.79 a month or $621.48 a year. That's a lot more significant than the difference in payment on a $50,000 loan at the same interest rates. ($8.75 a month, or $105 a year.) In the latter case, the stability of a fixed rate may be more important than having an extra $8.75 a month.
The Bottom Line Though you should listen to the advice of a mortgage specialist you trust, only you know what is right for you. Ask lots of questions. If your loan officer won't or can't answer them, you're working with the wrong one. Make sure you are comfortable with whatever decision you make. A mortgage is often the biggest financial transaction a person will make in a lifetime. It's important that you make an informed choice that suits your budget, lifestyle and needs.